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European Union Reading

You should not read too much into the EU. Despite its state-like attributes, it is far from being a state, since it lacks the monopoly over the legitimate use of force in its territory that most political scientists argue makes a state a state. What’s more, the shift toward a more united Europe is not occurring at an even or steady pace. It has evolved in a series of fits and starts in which bursts of growth have been followed by longer periods of doubt and criticism. That holds whether you focus on the EU’s broadening (adding new members) or deepening (adding new powers). Similarly, the organization is more “advanced” in some policy areas than others. Thus, the EU itself has the authority to make and enforce much economic policy over the wishes of the member states, including virtually everything involving international trade and, now, monetary matters. Such supranational powers are nowhere near as well developed in other policy areas, including the adoption of broad new policy initiatives, There, as we will see in more detail below, the member states continue to hold most of the power.

Read the article  here and please be prepared to discuss the reading in class. Taking notes and creating discussion questions would be appreciated. It’s your final assignment.

Why Do They Hate Us?

To dismiss the terrorists as insane is to delude ourselves. Bin Laden and his fellow fanatics are products of failed societies that breed their anger. America needs a plan that will not only defeat terror but reform the Arab world

To the question “Why do the terrorists hate us?” Americans could be pardoned for answering, “Why should we care?” The immediate reaction to the murder of 5,000 innocents is anger, not analysis. Yet anger will not be enough to get us through what is sure to be a long struggle. For that we will need answers. The ones we have heard so far have been comforting but familiar. We stand for freedom and they hate it. We are rich and they envy us. We are strong and they resent this. All of which is true. But there are billions of poor and weak and oppressed people around the world. They don’t turn planes into bombs. They don’t blow themselves up to kill thousands of civilians. If envy were the cause of terrorism, Beverly Hills, Fifth Avenue and Mayfair would have become morgues long ago. There is something stronger at work here than deprivation and jealousy. Something that can move men to kill but also to die.

Read the rest of the Zakaria piece here and respond to these questions

Israel-Palestine Assignment One

Your task is to use:

  1. The Timeline
  2. The Maps at the BBC website
  3. The Camp David Accords
  4. The Clinton Proposal
  5. The Mitchell Report
  6. The Performance Based Road Map for Peace

In order to:

  • Analyze the timeline and the maps. You need to understand the evolution of this crisis.
  • Use specific examples to fill in the grid . You may download the grid here
  • Respond to the “Questions for Discussion” sheet. You may download the sheet here

After which point you will:

Use specific evidence to construct a 1-2 page single spaced essay which describes how and why the Israeli-Palestinian border has been one of turmoil and conflict.

Performance and Legitimacy in Nigeria's New Democracy

Your task is to use specific evidence from Peter M. Lewis� briefing paper Performance and Legitimacy in Nigeria’s New Democracy as published in the 2006 issue of “Afrobarometer” to analyze how democracy is perceived in Nigeria.

In order to succeed you must use AND cite both the Lewis document and Mundt and your textbook. Your analysis should be 1-2 single-spaced pages and must be posted below (the comments link) by the time class commences.

I advise you to structure your essay as follows, though you may deviate from this outline as you see fit (I likewise envision a thematic approach):

I.The implications of history: evolution towards democracy

II.Analysis of the state of democracy in Nigeria 2000-2007

III. An explication of citizen perceptions towards Nigerian democracy

IV.The implications of performance on legitimacy: what needs to be done?

Read the Lewis piece:

Performance & Legitimacy in Nigeria’s New Democracy

Worse Than Iraq?

With an ethnically and religiously combustible population of 130 million, Nigeria is lurching toward disaster, and the stakes are high—for both Nigeria and the United States. An OPEC member since 1971, Nigeria has 35.9 billion barrels of proven petroleum reserves—the largest of any African country and the eighth largest on earth. It exports some 2.5 million barrels of oil a day, and the government plans to nearly double that amount by 2010. Nigeria is the fifth-largest supplier of oil to the United States; U.S. energy officials predict that within ten years it and the Gulf of Guinea region will provide a quarter of America‘s crude.

It is hardly surprising, then, that since 9/11 the Bush administration has courted Nigeria as an alternative to volatile petro-states in the Middle East and Latin America. In 2002, the White House declared the oil of Africa (five other countries on the continent are also key producers) a “strategic national interest”—meaning that the United States would use military force, if necessary, to protect it. In short, Nigeria‘s troubles could become America‘s and, like those of the Persian Gulf, cost us dearly in blood and money.

Read more from Jeffrey Tayler here

Corruption in Nigeria

Nigeria is ranked as one of the most corrupt countries in the world.

Daily, low-level corruption is visible on the street; policeman extorting money from motorists to supplement their meagre wages. But it is in the world of politics and government, where corruption has been most damaging. For decades the government has accrued huge oil revenues, yet the country suffers from a lack of basic infrastructure, and tens of millions live in poverty. At the same time, some politicians and their business associates have amassed personal fortunes.Although accusations of graft have long been a feature of Nigerian politics, as elections approach early next year, the politics of corruption have taken on a new powerful role.

BBC News on the Politics of Nigerian Corruption

The Democratic Transition in Nigeria

The election of Olusegun Obasanjo to the presidency of Nigeria in 1999 effectively brought an end to 16 years of military rule. Obasanjo became only the third head of government to be elected by the people (not counting the election of 1993, won by Chief Moshood Abiola but later annulled). Nigerians greeted the transition from military to civilian rule with widespread jubilation as they looked forward to a new era of stability, peace, and prosperity.

Read Iren Omo-Bare’s assessment as published on AP Central

Who will be Nigeria's president?

The contest to succeed Olusegun Obasanjo as the presidential candidate of ruling People Democratic Party (PDP) has reached a critical juncture. Prospective candidates must submit their applications by November 28th, 2006, prior to an internal party screening process in early December and a vote at the PDP’s congress later that month.

Read this short Economist piece

Nigeria's oil violence

The Niger Delta holds some of the world’s richest oil deposits, yet Nigerians living there are poorer than ever, violence is rampant, and the land and water are foul. What went wrong?

read a Q & A here

for more depth and understanding read National Geographic’s Tom O’Neil on “The Curse of Black Gold: Hope and Betrayal in the Niger Delta”

Sebastain Junger’s February, 2007 contribution to Vanity Fair magazine is also very much worth reading. Read it Here

Not to be overlooked is this piece by Ken Wiwa (the son of the martyr) “Death rules the delta in battle to control oil”

Fela Kuti Documentary (Three Parts)

Fela Anikulapo Kuti, born in Abeokuta, Nigeria in 1938, was a singer-composer, trumpet, sax and keyboard player, bandleader, and politician. Kuti was one of Africa‘s most controversial musicians and throughout his life he continued to fight for the rights of the common man (and woman) despite vilification, harassment, and even imprisonment by the government of Nigeria. Born to Yoruban parents, Kuti was strongly influenced by both parents, his mother being Funmilayo, a leading figure in the nationalist struggle. Practically all of his records are dominated by political events and discussions from the approach of Pan-Africanism.

The American Black Power movement influenced Fela’s political views. He was also a supporter of Pan-Africanism and socialism (although in a 1982 documentary he can clearly be seen rejecting both capitalism and socialism in favor of a third way that he described as Africanism), and called for a united, democratic African republic. He was a fierce supporter of human rights, and many of his songs are direct attacks against dictatorships, specifically the militaristic governments of Nigeria in the 1970s and 1980s

Kuti continued his outspoken attacks on the Nigerian government. When the people returned to power in 1979, Kuti began his own political party – MOP (Movement of the People). The military returned to power in 1983 and within the year Kuti was sentenced to five years in prison on a spurious currency smuggling charge. He was released in 1986 after yet another change of government.

The musical style performed by Fela Kuti is called Afrobeat, which is essentially a fusion of jazz, funk and Traditional African Chant. It is characterized by having African style percussion, vocals, and musical structure, along with jazzy, funky horn sections. The “endless groove” is also used, in which a base rhythm of drums, muted guitar, and bass guitar are repeated throughout the song. His songs were mostly sung in Nigerian pidgin, although he also performed a few songs in the Yoruba language.

Fela Anikulapo Kuti died on Saturday, August 2, 1997 in Lagos, Nigeria. It had been rumored for some time that Fela had a serious illness he was refusing treatment for, many said he was suffering from prostate cancer. But as it turns out, Fela died from complications due to AIDS. As Fela’s brother, Olikoye Ransome Kuti, said at a news conference

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=csuiz9AHias

Images of Nigerian Culture

This video contains footage of Nigerian life such as a traditional marriage, Lagos street culture, tribal village gatherings, beach life and birthday parties (and some killer Fela Kuti music!).